UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy
A tiered levy on producers and importers of sugar-sweetened drinks designed to encourage reformulation and reduce sugar consumption.
Real-world examples · IB Economics
Real-world economics, matched to the theory.
Understand what happened, trace the mechanism and distinguish evidence from predictions when applying economic theory.
US avian influenza and egg prices
Highly pathogenic avian influenza destroyed laying flocks, reducing egg inventories while seasonal demand strengthened near the end of 2022.
Semiconductor shortage and US vehicle prices
A shortage of automotive semiconductors constrained new-vehicle production and spilled demand into the used-car and rental-car markets.
Brazilian frost and world coffee prices
Severe frost in Brazil created concern about future coffee availability and contributed to a sharp rise in Arabica prices.
New York City high-volume ride-hailing market
App-based services expanded the number and visibility of for-hire journeys, changing the supply of urban point-to-point transport and competition with taxis.
The 1973 oil embargo and short-run elasticity
Production cuts and an export embargo hit an already tight oil market in which short-run demand and supply responded weakly to price.
London Congestion Charge
A daily charge increased the private price of driving in central London and created evidence about motorists’ responsiveness to price and alternatives.
UK National Minimum Wage
The UK established a statutory wage floor and subsequently raised it through recommendations from the Low Pay Commission.
New York City rent stabilization
New York regulates annual rent adjustments for a large stock of rent-stabilized apartments.